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Glossary
Acre feet - the amount of water required to cover one acre of ground (43,560 square feet) to a depth of one foot (or 7.48 gallons per cubic foot X 43,560 square feet = 325,829 gallons cover 1 acre to a depth of one foot) AHTD - Arkansas Highway and Transportation Department Alluvium - Clay, silt, sand, gravel, or similar soil material deposited in a common location by running water Alluvial - having to do with alluvium; having the components of alluvium Alluvial Aquifer - an area of water-bearing sand and gravel typically found near lakes, streams and rivers ANHC - Arkansas National Heritage Commission Aquifer - A layer of underground sand, gravel, or permeable rock in which water collects. Aquifers may lie close to the surface or at great depths. Aquifers can be hundreds of miles long and wide or narrow, shallow veins running through rock. With such flat ground in the Grand Prairie, rainwater matriculates down through the porous sedimentary rocks where it is stored. When the water source becomes of significant size, it is termed an aquifer, especially when drilling into the rock allows the tapping of the aquifer for use in crop irrigation and animals as well as human use ASWCC - Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission Basin - The soil surface area, which drains into a network of rivers and/or streams Borrow ditch - the ditch created when dirt is removed to create a levee CFS - Cubic feet per second Claypan - The layer of clay found beneath the subsoil which limits or slows the downward movement of water through the soil. A claypan is typically found beneath the soils of the Grand Prairie making them more suitable for growing rice Cone of Depression - an area in the shape of a V within an aquifer where de-watering begins and causes a trench or a trough-like hollowing of the aquifer Cultural Resources (Historic Properties) - Any prehistoric or historic remains, artifacts, or indicators of human activities. Such remains may offer significant information and be eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places (National Register) D-3 Drought Extreme - A measure of the severity of drought on The Drought Monitor. The Drought Monitor scale ranges from D0 to D4 with D1 being the least intense and D4 being the most intense drought. D0 is assigned in watch areas, which are either drying out and possibly heading for drought, or recovering from drought but not yet back to normal, suffering long-term impacts such as low reservoir or groundwater levels Desiccation - Drying up of; dehydration De-watering - Loss of water, generally speaking of groundwater resources, through natural means or from man-made extraction devices Drainage - the removal of surface water from within a specific area Drought - a water supply shortage for a certain use; a quantity or amount less than what is demanded Excess water - when referring to the GPADP, excess water is defined by the Arkansas State Water Plan for the White River as being greater than the needs for fish and wildlife, navigation, and water quality. Navigation and water quality needs remain the same year round. Fish and wildlife needs vary monthly. During some months the White River must be above flood stage for any water to be considered in excess of fish and wildlife needs and/or for pumping to be allowed Flyway - an established air route of migratory birds GPADP - Grand Prairie Area Demonstration Project Groundwater - water contained within a defined subterranean structure i.e. sand or gravel formations Irrigation - the mechanical distribution of water over the ground in lieu of natural rainfall Irrigation Season - the summer months including June, July, August and September, which are generally not during the legal waterfowl seasons Levee - soil or other materials deposited to contain the flow of water Mississippi Flyway - the established air route of migratory birds from Canada along the Mississippi River down to the Gulf of Mexico and beyond NDMC - The National Drought Mitigation Center NRCS - Natural Resources Conservation Service NWMC - National Water Management Center NWS - National Weather Service Recharge - This is the process whereby an aquifer replenishes tapped water. Typically, as water is tapped and pulled from an aquifer, more water fills in the volume tapped, thus recharging the aquifer's water level. If certain conditions arise, such as drought and over tapping for various uses, then recharging cannot keep up with the water amounts being extracted from the aquifer and it is depleted, eventually running out of usable, fresh water. Since aquifers are usually quite large, combined with annual recharge, it takes a long time before an aquifer runs out of water Re-lift pump - the type of pump used to move surface water a short distance above its source or origin, i.e. from a ditch into a field or reservoir Reservoir - an impoundment for water storage either above or below the ground Surface Water - Water standing on the top of ground or soil, waiting either to soak down into the soil or to evaporate. Is also used to characterize water that collects and stands or is stored in lakes, ponds, rivers, bayous, streams, canals and reservoirs, either natural or man-made SCWMC - South Central Water Management Center SHPO - State Historic Preservation Officer Tailwater - Surface water having fallen as rain or flowing through a field as irrigation collected through a series of ditches, pipes and pumping mechanisms for return to a reservoir or other holding structure USACE - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers WES - U.S Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station at Vicksburg, Miss., headquarters for the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) USDA - U.S. Department of Agriculture USDM - U.S. Drought Monitor USFWS - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service USGS - U.S. Geological Survey WRID - White River Irrigation District
Overview | Area Conditions & Project Benefits | Maps, Reports & Studies |
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